{"id":3526,"date":"2011-03-21T07:55:50","date_gmt":"2011-03-21T07:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/monochromist.com\/2011\/03\/21\/human-universals\/"},"modified":"2011-03-21T07:55:50","modified_gmt":"2011-03-21T07:55:50","slug":"human-universals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/2011\/03\/21\/human-universals\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Universals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href='http:\/\/condor.depaul.edu\/~mfiddler\/hyphen\/humunivers.htm'>Human Universals<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"link_description\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/processprocessprocess.tumblr.com\/post\/111107496\">processprocessprocess<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A list of about 200 human universals are mentioned in a book written by Brown, D.E in 2000, titled \u201cBeing humans: Anthropological universality and particularity in transdisplinary perspectives\u201d. \u00a0This list includes concepts such as death, age, time, true and false which are the building blocks for individual realities.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span>abstraction in speech &amp; thought<br \/>actions under self-control distinguished from those not under control<br \/>aesthetics<br \/>affection expressed and felt<br \/>age grades<br \/>age statuses<br \/>age terms<br \/>ambivalence<br \/>anthropomorphization<br \/>anticipation<br \/>antonyms<br \/>attachment<br \/>baby talk<br \/>belief in supernatural\/religion<br \/>beliefs, false<br \/>beliefs about death<br \/>beliefs about disease<br \/>beliefs about fortune and misfortune<br \/>binary cognitive distinctions<br \/>biological mother and social mother normally the same person<br \/>black (color term)<br \/>body adornment<br \/>childbirth customs<br \/>childcare<br \/>childhood fears<br \/>childhood fear of loud noises<br \/>childhood fear of strangers<br \/>choice making (choosing alternatives)<br \/>classification<br \/>classification of age<br \/>classification of behavioral propensities<br \/>classification of body parts<br \/>classification of colors<br \/>classification of fauna<br \/>classification of flora<br \/>classification of inner states<br \/>classification of kin<br \/>classification of sex<br \/>classification of space<br \/>classification of tools<br \/>classification of weather conditions<br \/>coalitions<br \/>collective identities<br \/>conflict<br \/>conflict, consultation to deal with<br \/>conflict, means of dealing with<br \/>conflict, mediation of<br \/>conjectural reasoning<br \/>containers<br \/>continua (ordering as cognitive pattern)<br \/>contrasting marked and nonmarked sememes (meaningful elements in language)<br \/>cooking<br \/>cooperation<br \/>cooperative labor<br \/>copulation normally conducted in privacy<br \/>corporate (perpetual) statuses<br \/>coyness display<br \/>critical learning periods<br \/>crying<br \/>cultural variability<br \/>culture<br \/>culture\/nature distinction<br \/>customary greetings<br \/>daily routines<br \/>dance<br \/>death rituals<br \/>decision making<br \/>decision making, collective<br \/>differential valuations<br \/>directions, giving of<br \/>discrepancies between speech, thought, and action<br \/>dispersed groups<br \/>distinguishing right and wrong<br \/>diurnality<br \/>divination<br \/>division of labor<br \/>division of labor by age<br \/>division of labor by sex<br \/>dominance\/submission<br \/>dreams<br \/>dream interpretation<br \/>economic inequalities<br \/>economic inequalities, consciousness of<br \/>emotions<br \/>empathy<br \/>entification (treating patterns and relations as things)<br \/>environment, adjustments to<br \/>envy<br \/>envy, symbolic means of coping with<br \/>ethnocentrism<br \/>etiquette<br \/>explanation<br \/>face (word for)<br \/>facial communication<br \/>facial expression of anger<br \/>facial expression of contempt<br \/>facial expression of disgust<br \/>facial expression of fear<br \/>facial expression of happiness<br \/>facial expression of surprise<br \/>facial expressions, masking\/modifying of<br \/>fairness (equity), concept of<br \/>family (or household)<br \/>father and mother, separate kin terms for<br \/>fears<br \/>fear of death<br \/>fears, ability to overcome some<br \/>feasting<br \/>females do more direct childcare<br \/>figurative speech<br \/>fire<br \/>folklore<br \/>food preferences<br \/>food sharing<br \/>future, attempts to predict<br \/>generosity admired<br \/>gestures<br \/>gift giving<br \/>good and bad distinguished<br \/>gossip<br \/>government<br \/>grammar<br \/>group living<br \/>groups that are not based on family<br \/>habituation<br \/>hairstyles<br \/>hand (word for)<br \/>healing the sick (or attempting to)<br \/>hope<br \/>hospitality<br \/>husband older than wife on average<br \/>hygienic care<br \/>identity, collective<br \/>imagery<br \/>incest between mother and son unthinkable or tabooed<br \/>incest, prevention or avoidance<br \/>in-group distinguished from out-group(s)<br \/>in-group biases in favor of<br \/>inheritance rules<br \/>institutions (organized co-activities)<br \/>insulting<br \/>intention<br \/>interest in bioforms (living things or things that resemble them)<br \/>interpolation<br \/>interpreting behavior<br \/>intertwining (e.g., weaving)<br \/>jokes<br \/>judging others<br \/>kin, close distinguished from distant<br \/>kin groups<br \/>kin terms translatable by basic relations of procreation<br \/>kinship statuses<br \/>language<br \/>language employed to manipulate others<br \/>language employed to misinform or mislead<br \/>language is translatable<br \/>language not a simple reflection of reality<br \/>language, prestige from proficient use of<br \/>law (rights and obligations)<br \/>law (rules of membership)<br \/>leaders<br \/>lever<br \/>likes and dislikes<br \/>linguistic redundancy<br \/>logical notions<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;and&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;equivalent&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;general\/particular&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;not&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;opposite&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;part\/whole&rdquo;<br \/>logical notion of &ldquo;same&rdquo;<br \/>magic<br \/>magic to increase life<br \/>magic to sustain life<br \/>magic to win love<br \/>making comparisons<br \/>male and female and adult and child seen as having different natures<br \/>males dominate public\/political realm<br \/>males engage in more coalitional violence<br \/>males more aggressive<br \/>males more prone to lethal violence<br \/>males more prone to theft<br \/>males, on average, travel greater distances over lifetime<br \/>manipulate social relations<br \/>marking at phonemic, syntactic, and lexical levels<br \/>marriage<br \/>materialism<br \/>meal times<br \/>mearning, most units of are non-universal<br \/>measuring<br \/>medicine<br \/>melody<br \/>memory<br \/>mental maps<br \/>mentalese<br \/>metaphor<br \/>metonym<br \/>mood- or consciousness-altering techniques and\/or substances<br \/>moral sentiments<br \/>moral sentiments, limited effective range of<br \/>morphemes<br \/>mother normally has consort during child-rearing years<br \/>mourning<br \/>murder proscribed<br \/>music<br \/>music, children&rsquo;s<br \/>music related in part to dance<br \/>music related in part to religious activity<br \/>music seen as art (a creation)<br \/>music, vocal<br \/>music, vocal, includes speech forms<br \/>musical redundancy<br \/>musical reptition<br \/>musical variation<br \/>myths<br \/>narrative<br \/>nomenclature (perhaps the same as classification)<br \/>nonbodily decorative art<br \/>normal distinguished from abnormal states<br \/>nouns<br \/>numerals (counting)<br \/>Oedipus complex<br \/>oligarchy (de facto)<br \/>one (numeral)<br \/>onomatopoeia<br \/>overestimating objectivity of thought<br \/>pain<br \/>past\/present\/future<br \/>person, concept of<br \/>personal names<br \/>phonemes<br \/>phonemes defined by set of minimally constrasting features<br \/>phonemes, merging of<br \/>phonemes, range from 10 to 70 in number<br \/>phonemic change, inevitability of<br \/>phonemic change, rules of<br \/>phonemic system<br \/>planning<br \/>planning for future<br \/>play<br \/>play to perfect skills<br \/>poetry\/rhetoric<br \/>poetic line, uniform length range<br \/>poetic lines characterized by repetition and variation<br \/>poetic lines demarcated by pauses<br \/>polysemy (one word has several meanings)<br \/>possessive, intimate<br \/>possessive, loose<br \/>practice to improve skills<br \/>precedence, concept of (that&rsquo;s how the leopard got its spots)<br \/>preference for own children and close kin (nepotism)<br \/>prestige inequalities<br \/>pretend play<br \/>pride<br \/>private inner life<br \/>promise<br \/>pronouns<br \/>pronouns, minimum two numbers<br \/>pronouns, minimum three persons<br \/>proper names<br \/>property<br \/>proverbs, sayings<br \/>proverbs, sayings &#8211; in mutually contradictory forms<br \/>psychological defense mechanisms<br \/>rape<br \/>rape proscribed<br \/>reciprocal exchanges (0f labor, goods, or services)<br \/>reciprocity, negative (revenge, retaliation)<br \/>regocnition of individuals by face<br \/>redress of wrongs<br \/>resistance to abuse of poser, to dominance<br \/>rhythm<br \/>right-handedness as population norm<br \/>risk-taking<br \/>rites of passage<br \/>rituals<br \/>role and personality seen in dynamic interrlationship (i.e., departures from role can be explained in terms of individual personality)<br \/>sanctions<br \/>sanctions fro crimes against the collectivity<br \/>sanctions include removal from the social unit<br \/>self-control<br \/>self distinguished from other<br \/>self as neither wholly passive nor wholly autonomous<br \/>self as subject and object<br \/>self-image, awareness of (concern for what others think)<br \/>self-image, manipulation of<br \/>self-image, wanted to be positive<br \/>self is responsible<br \/>semantics<br \/>semantic category of affecting things and people<br \/>semantic category of dimension<br \/>semantic category of giving<br \/>semantic category of location<br \/>semantic category of motion<br \/>semantic category of other physical properties<br \/>semantic components<br \/>semantic components, generation<br \/>semantic components, sex<br \/>sememes, commonly used ones are short, infrequently used ones are longer<br \/>senses unified<br \/>sex differences in spatial cognition and behavior<br \/>sex (gender) terminology is fundamentally binary<br \/>sex statuses<br \/>sexual attraction<br \/>sexual attractiveness<br \/>sexual jealousy<br \/>sexual modesty<br \/>sexual regulation<br \/>sexual regulation includes incest prevention<br \/>sexuality as focus of interest<br \/>shame<br \/>shelter<br \/>sickness and death seen as related<br \/>snakes, wariness around<br \/>social structure<br \/>socialization<br \/>socialization expected from senior kin<br \/>socialization includes toilet training<br \/>spear<br \/>special speech for special occasions<br \/>statuses and roles<br \/>statuses, ascribed and achieved<br \/>statuses distinguished from individuals<br \/>statuses on other than sex, age, or kinship bases<br \/>stinginess, disapproval of<br \/>stop\/nonstop contrasts (in speech sounds)<br \/>succession<br \/>sucking wounds<br \/>sweets preferred<br \/>symbolism<br \/>symbolic speech<br \/>synesthetic metaphors<br \/>synonyms<br \/>taboos<br \/>tabooed foods<br \/>tabooed utterances<br \/>taxonomy<br \/>territoriality<br \/>thumb sucking<br \/>tickling<br \/>time<br \/>time, cyclicity of<br \/>tools<br \/>tool dependency<br \/>tool making<br \/>tools for cutting<br \/>tools to make tools<br \/>tools patterned culturally<br \/>tools, permament<br \/>tools for pounding<br \/>toys, playthings<br \/>trade<br \/>triangular awareness (assessinjg relationships among the self and two other people)<br \/>true and false distinguished)<br \/>turn-taking<br \/>two (numeral)<br \/>tying material (i.e., something like string)<br \/>units of time<br \/>verbs<br \/>violence, some forms of proscribed<br \/>visiting<br \/>vocalic\/nonvocalic contrasts in phonemes<br \/>vowel contrasts<br \/>weaning<br \/>weapons<br \/>weather control (attempts to)<br \/>while (color term)<br \/>world view<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Human Universals processprocessprocess: A list of about 200 human universals are mentioned in a book written by Brown, D.E in 2000, titled \u201cBeing humans: Anthropological universality and particularity in transdisplinary perspectives\u201d. \u00a0This list includes concepts such as death, age, time, true and false which are the building blocks for individual realities. abstraction in speech &amp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[159],"class_list":["post-3526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-video_graphics","tag-man-machine","post_format-post-format-link"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5sGHy-US","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2166,"url":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/2013\/05\/20\/abstraction-in-speech-thought-actions-under\/","url_meta":{"origin":3526,"position":0},"title":"abstraction 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Implicit in the concept of a \u201cpattern of deviation\u201d is a standard of comparison; this may be the judgment of people outside those particular situations, or may\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;motion&quot;","block_context":{"text":"motion","link":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/category\/video_graphics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3822,"url":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/2011\/03\/10\/experiencing-the-fear-of-technology-robo\/","url_meta":{"origin":3526,"position":2},"title":"&#8220;Experiencing the Fear of Technology&#8221; &#8211; Robo Culture Wiki","author":"monochromist","date":"March 10, 2011","format":"link","excerpt":"\"Experiencing the Fear of Technology\" - Robo Culture Wiki-The end of the human resistance is fast approaching- The rise of technology will no doubt lead to our downfall as the eminent creatures on earth. One can often turn to popular media to witness this fantasy unfold with such films as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;motion&quot;","block_context":{"text":"motion","link":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/category\/video_graphics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3218,"url":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/2011\/04\/09\/the-robot-wisdom-pages\/","url_meta":{"origin":3526,"position":3},"title":"The Robot Wisdom pages","author":"monochromist","date":"April 9, 2011","format":"link","excerpt":"The Robot Wisdom pagesThe traditional ideal:A world ruled by wise, loving, responsible elders The present reality:A world under the thumbs of utterly cynical predators The strategic analysis:Their weak point is their need to rationalize their acts, by\u00a0sophistries The radical proposal:Create a\u00a0computer model\u00a0of the human predicament, that can unflinchingly put the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;motion&quot;","block_context":{"text":"motion","link":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/category\/video_graphics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2821,"url":"https:\/\/monochromist.com\/notes\/2012\/03\/20\/maldivian-artist-afzal-shafiu-afumeeha-at\/","url_meta":{"origin":3526,"position":4},"title":"Maldivian artist\u00a0Afzal Shafiu\u00a0@afumeeha at Breathing\u2026","author":"monochromist","date":"March 20, 2012","format":"gallery","excerpt":"Maldivian artist\u00a0Afzal Shafiu\u00a0@afumeeha at Breathing Atolls. A silent pro-democracy protest by Maldivian Artists was held at Maldives National Art Gallery. NO FREEDOM! NO EXPRESSION! Maldivian Artists suppressed under illegitimate government protests for the freedom to express. 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